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Robert Kilwardby OP (''c.'' 1215 – 11 September 1279) was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and as well as a cardinal. Kilwardby was the first member of a mendicant order to attain a high ecclesisatical office in the English Church. ==Life== Kilwardby studied at the University of Paris, then was a teacher of grammar and logic there. He then joined the Dominican Order and studied theology,〔Lawrence "Thirteenth Century" ''English Church and the Papacy'' p. 146〕 and became regent at Oxford University before 1261,〔Knowles ''Evolution of Medieval Thought'' p. 288〕 probably by 1245.〔Leff ''Paris and Oxford Universities'' pp. 290–293〕 He was named provincial prior of the Dominicans for England in 1261,〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Canterbury: Archbishops )''〕 and in October 1272 Pope Gregory X appointed him as Archbishop of Canterbury to end a dispute over the election. Kilwardby was provided to the archbishopric on 11 October 1272, given the temporalities on 12 December 1272, and consecrated on 26 February 1273.〔Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 233〕 Kilwardby crowned Edward I and his wife Eleanor as king and queen of England in August 1274, but otherwise took little part in politics. He instead concentrated on his ecclesiastical duties, including charity to the poor and donating to the Dominicans.〔Moorman ''Church Life'' p. 371〕 In 1278 Pope Nicholas III named Kilwardby Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina.〔Bellenger and Fletcher ''Princes of the Church'' p. 173〕 He then resigned Canterbury and left England,〔 taking with him papers, registers and documents belonging to the see. He also left the see deep in debt again, after his predecessor had cleared the debt.〔Moorman ''Church Life'' p. 173〕 He died in Italy in 1279 and was buried in the Dominican convent in Viterbo, Italy.〔 While in theory this was a promotion, probably it was not, as the pope was unhappy with Kilwardby's support of efforts to resist the payment of papal revenues and with the lack of effort towards the reforms demanded at the Second Council of Lyon in 1274.〔Prestwich ''Edward I'' p. 249〕 Kilwardby's theological and philosophical views were summed up by David Knowles who said that he was a "conservative eclectic, holding the doctrine of seminal tendencies and opposing...the Aristotelian doctrine of the unity of form in beings, including man."〔Knowles ''Evolution of Medieval Thought'' p. 249〕 Some sources state that he was the author of ''Summa Philosophiae'', a history and description of the schools of philosophical thought then current, but the writing style is not similar to his other works, and Knowles, for one, does not believe it was authored by Kilwardby.〔Knowles ''Evolution of Medieval Thought'' p. 287〕 It has been alleged that Kilwardby was an opponent of Thomas Aquinas. In 1277 he prohibited the teaching of thirty theses, some of which have been thought to touch upon Thomas Aquinas' teaching. Recent scholars, however, such as Roland Hissette, have challenged this interpretation.〔Burton,''Monastic and Religious Orders'' pp. 206–207〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Kilwardby」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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